Breathing apparatus



Sept @9 1949- J. H. EMERSON I 2,481,299

BREATHING APPARATUS Original Filed Dec. 12, 1944 Patented Sept. 6, 1949 BREAlH-ILMH Joh-n I-I. Emerson, Canihrtidgieblvlass Orisinal elimination.. Denemheri No. 567,806;l Divided and this 12, .19.1545 Seriali application A411.

gustl'; 1948; SeriavltNo. 44,@595

solaires. (C1. Y12s-.29).

This; invention rela-tes toVV apparatus. ofi autoE matimtypf-awhereingas, supplied under. pressure, acts: alternately; to': initiate and deflatethe lungs,- and designedfV in; particular for treatina patients. who: are unable-y tc breathe; normally, as, for errample; whenr suiering from'. gas asphyxiati oni drowning4 on the like.; 'I h principalv obect ofi` this inyention isi to provide a small; compact, portable resuscitation which is` light; in Weig-ht and; which. mayfbe corn/eni-ently.Y used.; in the field: for: first aid mir-poses,- the present applicata-icm being;` a. division.offrnyappending` application for liet,- ters Patenti. Seriali No.A 567.,806 filed: Diesem er: 1,9, 19.44;.. since issued; as Patent No.. yitla. datectMayf 3; 19.49.

furthen--objectof the*` invention is to-l prof. vide a. resuseitatorwhich. may beA manipulatedf.

a singla attendant.

A further object is. to provide a, resuscitatqr of the. automatic, 4pressure-actuated type, having; but.A one. now-controlling valve.

@ther objects, relate to: the construction andE mode of operation. and will; be armarent` from. ai. consideration of the following descriptionand-f the accompanying drawings which exemplify one; embodiment. of the. invention chosenY for pur@ poses of illustnaton..`

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side` eleyatonof theV complete an. paratus. with the face mask in the position orA use; and

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic, diametricalfvertieal sec on wthpartsin elevation and broken away, the. mellllm being.. Shown as in the exhaling. position.

For electil/e. operation the. apparatus requires.. 2r Source 0f. gas. under super-atmospheric, prei... erably. substantially, constant pressure. When`Y herein reference is made to a gas, gaseous fluid.. or: the 1ike, such.y terms are used without limiting intent, beingv broadly inclusive. of pure gases, for example O2, mixtures of. gases, for example. atmospheric air, water vapor, etc. Ashereillusf., tratedya source of gas under super-atmospheric pressure is provided by the hand-operatedA plonger type pump I'; (-Fig'. 1).. This pumpis plovidl, with a gas storage reservoir ll', the compressed. gas from the pump lil being forced throughlthe check valve i2 on each stroke of the plunger and. stored in the reservoir ll. The pressure. gauge.. lf3" indicatesthe gas pressure in the reservoir il. Such a pump serves as a convenient light, and. portable source of gas under positive pressurel for 'eldnse of the improved resuscitator device.

1) are all containedT inithe .l1,pns iri,{l H (Fig. 2L).

This. lmuslnsJ or, ease is hellQW and. externally shaped ,permit it toboliell: inithelaalmlof. one-.hand,.ir 1. eiootonstitutinaa handle-rior the. maskM which ectlli: tothe. housing. 0.11 Casilla-bs@ as. ort erefstablif rigidtubulalf. conneoti9n thus; melting-19116.- Qliel aand.. free. te. operata plunger` 0i. the 1111.112-, es h'ereinemeloired-the terinfri'gifl tubul.. 1 neiioa. desriiitive ci the. rrleans` for. un., a the mask; @11.11housinaisintermedio.designates. oonnectionlsuobthat themaslif and.v` housing. liar mally occupy a substantially. constant relation, even though-marmer beap'able f --S.1.ie ht..1;e1a til/@movement (sushi-Qt eremita as mishtre sult if; the pant lvvereresiliently bendable): buts to` exclude connections such, as. a snbstantial. lengilaof-iexibletubing whichwofild-nermit free relativemovenient. of., the: mask and housing.. ons. which, would` preclude.P the eiective.. use., of.. the. housing. as. thanol@ for applying; themasle Emir enably this .connect n. y andrtliefresusoita. 131s, 0i telescopic. time. and; suoli as toi permit, ready. disconnection ci the. parts;I 'L'hewefightog thegresuscitator is s .o-srnall.; thatwlien 2s patient .rlflirifes, hisJieai can come. fortably supnort. the. entire resusoitator: (esclu.- siye o; the puinp), its Weight: beingv distributerl;y i/.or the. area.. or. his. face which?. is. inP Contact: with. the face.

The housing H preferably comprises two sepa arable. shellswhich.. collectives-provide a. chamber f o. the renentionottheoneratins.mechanism- @astma ZU.. 1s erpyltld. with. a depressed. portion.

It should be nnderstood, however, that` any other 55 Alil Qifllla Qllelatile mchflllsmr Of the device. is Slinnortedbr arisidcasting. 2u, (ein 2) within. Whlboertain atleast of, the. fluid 110W. passages.

valve .atene Conveniently formedv This.

2 lfwhi.=,l1 forms one Wall.. oi afluidfiovr. @bamboo 2 2; other wall- Qi said chamber is. formed by theiexble diaphragm disk.. 2.3' constituting. the. pressure-actuated element of a, fluidrplfessule; motor wigiqhcissensitively res .onsivetolunapres-- Sure. The.. @dass Q f.; this.. disk-shane@- diaphragm: 2 3; are Seguro@ to. the casting 243,. by a. Qlamniim fiile. G Win91?. i-S held.. Place, by. Screws.. pass through.. the lios.. and the. margin.. of the. dianhrasm, andriritatlie casting. 2li..

AIV-aire reversi? Qt. motor Chamber it. CFif-f... is provided.. by alli d aannemers' whieh iedev. tahahlr seoureltotne casting. 2Q.. A risiatlin 1an rrp. normalem erordesthe-Oeli @can munication between the chamber 22 (Fig. 2) and the interior of the mask M (Fig. 1). The mask has a tubular member which telescopes over the outer end of the tubular member 3l, thus permitting the separation of the mask and casing when desired.

Within the motor chamber 3D, the valve operating mechanism actuated by the diaphragm 23 is arranged. This mechanism, together with the diaphragm or equivalent pressure-responsive element is hereinafter referred to for convenience as a pressure motor and may be identical with the corresponding mechanism more fully disclosed in my Patent No. 2,364,626, dated December 12, 1944, or in the patent to Sinnett No. 2,268,172, dated December 30, 1931.

Briefly this mechanism comprises a toggle linkage including toggle levers T1 and T2 having their adjacent ends united by a joint, the joined ends being connected to the central part of the diaphragm 23 by a rigid strut T3. The remote ends of the toggle levers are guided for movement toward and from the casting 2% and connected by a tension spring S.

As illustrated in Fig. 2 the cap member Si is provided With an open port l2a leading from the chamber 30 to the outer atmosphere. To the outer surface, that is to say, the left-hand surface, as viewed in Fig. 2, of the casting 2G, there is attached in a suitable manner, for instance by welding, a housing t3, which may be a casting, having within it a throat passage E3 whose delivery end registers with one end oi a duct or passage 44b in the casting 2e, the passage 1Wn terminating in a delivery port which opens into the chamber 3D.

An aspirator device A is fixed to the outer end of part 43. This aspirator device comprises a casing Within which is arranged the nozzle It designed to discharge a jet of pressure fluid, received through pipe lill, into the delivery throat passage 63 and thereby to aspirate uid from the suction space 48. The suction space 138 communicates at all times by means of a tube 59h with the chamber 22. A valve stem lb slides in a guide bore in a bracket T8 mounted on the free end of a motion-reversing lever Tfi iulcrumed at T7 and pivotally connected to the toggle link T2 at the point T5. The valve stem SIb carries the valve 52b at its left-hand end as viewed in Fig. 2. A coil spring urges the valve toward the left, the valve being designed at times to close the delivery port at the right-hand end of the nassage 44h.

During exhalation, the diaphragm 23 and the valve 52b occupy the positions shown in Fig. 2. Air or gas under pressure, entering through the pipe 40, causes a partial vacuum in the suction space 48 of the aspirator, thus withdrawing air from the lungs through the mask M, the tubular connection 31, the chamber 22 and the tube 49h, and delivering this mixture into the delivery throat of the aspirator nozzle and through the passage 44h into the chamber 32 from which it is discharged to the atmosphere through port 42a. When the pressure has dropped suiiiciently in the chamber 22, the diaphragm moves suddenly to the left as viewed in Fig. 2, thus causing the toggle linkage to swing the lever T6 clockwise and thus seat the valve 52h so as to close the delivery port at the end of passage Mib. There is now no outlet through the delivery throat 63 of the aspirator nozzle, and consequently the gas supplied through the tube 40 backs up in the space 48 of the aspirator and substantially passes out through the tube 119b into the chamber 22 and thence through the tubular connection 3l to the mask M so as to inflate the lungs. When the lung pressure reaches a predetermined amount, the diaphragm again reverses its position, the valve $2b is opened, and the exhalation period begins. Thus, the ow of uid through chamber 22 is reversed in direction at the end of each period of inhalation and exhalation.

While I have shown and described herein one desirable embodiment of the invention, it is to be understood that the disclosure is for the purpose of illustration only and that changes in shape, proportion and arrangement of parts and the substitution of equivalent elements may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the work as set forth in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. An artiiicial resuscitator of the kind which includes a face mask, a case which houses a pressure motor including a movable element which is sensitively responsive to lung pressure and which defines one Wall of a chamber, a rigid, tubular connection uniting the mask and case, said connection having a single constantly open passage aflording communication between the interior of the mask and said chamber, an aspirator device, said aspirator device having a nozzle, a suction space and a delivery throat, a conduit for supplying pressure iiuid to the' nozzle of the aspirator, the case also housing a single reciprocating valve and snap-action means for transmitting motion from said movable motor element to said valve, the resuscitator being of the kind wherein gas under pressure supplies energy for inflating and deflating the lungs and for operating the pressure motor, characterized in that the case which houses the pressure motor and motion-transmitting means is of a size such that it may be held in the palm of one hand, a duct leading from the delivery throat of the aspirator which, at times, provides communication with the outer atmosphere, a tube, one end of which is fixed in an opening in the wall of the suction space of the aspirator and the other end oi which is xed in an opening in the wall of said chamber, the aforesaid reciprocating valve being operative to close and Open said duct thereby to determine whether the pressure medium shall ow from the suction space of the aspirator to said chamber or discharge to the atmosphere, said valve and motion-transmitting means being so constructed and arranged that during eXhalation gaseous medium is withdrawn from said chamber by the aspirator, and during inhalation gaseous medium under pressure is delivered directly from the suction space of the aspirator to said chamber.

2. An artcial resuscitator of the kind which includes a face mask, a case which encloses a pressure motor including a movable element which is sensitively responsive to lung pressure and which denes one wall of a chamber, a single rigid, tubular connection uniting the mask and case, said connection providing a single, constantly open passage affording communication between the interior of the mask and said chamber, an aspirator device having a nozzle, a suction space, and a delivery throat which, at times, delivers to the atmosphere, a conduit for supplying pressure fluid to the nozzle of the aspirator, the resuscitator being of the kind wherein gas under pressure supplies the energy for inflating and deflating then lungs and for actuating the pressure motor, the

case which houses the pressure motor being of a size such that it may be held in the palm of one hand, thereby to constitute a handle for use in applying the mask, characterized in having a single reciprocating valve within the case, snapaction means, also within the case, for transmitting motion from the movable element of the pressure motor to said valve, and means defining a passage for the ow of gaseous uid to and from the mask, said passage always providing free communication between said chamber and the suction space of the aspirator device, said one valve, being operative, at times, to prevent, and at other times to permit, discharge of gaseous medium through the delivery throat, the motiontransmitting means being so constructed and arranged that during inhalation gaseous uid flows through said chamber in one direction, and during exhalation gaseous fluid flows through said chamber in the opposite direction.

3. An artificial resuscitator of the kind which includes a face mask, a case which encloses a pressure motor including a movable element which is sensitively responsive to lung pressure and which denes one wall of a chamber, a single rigid, tubular connection uniting the mask and case, said connection providing a single, constantly open passage affording communication between the interior of the mask and said chamber, an aspirator device having a nozzle, a suction space, and a delivery throat, a conduit for supplying pressure uid to the nozzle of the aspirator, the resuscitator being of the kind wherein gas under pressure supplies the energy for inilating and deiiating the lungs and for actuating the pressure motor, the case which houses the pressure motor being of a size such that it may be held in the palm of one hand, thereby to constitute a handle for use in applying the mask, characterized in having a single reciprocating valve within the case, means, also within the case, for transmitting motion from the movable element of the pressure motor to said valve, and means deiining a passage for the ow of gaseous fluid to and from the mask, said passage always providing free communication between said chamber and the suction space of the aspirator device, means defining another passage leading from the delivery throat of the aspirator device to the atmosphere, said valve being operative at times to close said lastnamed passage, said one valve and the motiontransmitting means being so constructed and arranged that during inhalation gaseous fluid iiows through said chamber in one direction, and during exhalation gaseous uid iiows through said chamber in the opposite direction.

4. An articial resuscitator of the kind which includes a face mask, a case which encloses a pressure motor including a movable element which is sensitively responsive to lung pressure and which denes one wall of a chamber, a single rigid, tubular connection uniting the mask and case, said connection providing a single, constantly open passage affording communication between the interior of the m'ask and said charnber, an aspirator device having a nozzle, a suction space, and a delivery throat, a conduit for supplying pressure fluid to the nozzle of the aspirator, the resuscitator being of the kind wherein gas under pressure supplies the energy for iniiating and deiiating the lungs and for actuating the pressure motor, the case which houses the pressure motor being of a size such that it may be held in the palm of one hand, thereby to constitute a handle for use in applying the mask, characterphere, the

ized in having a single reciprocating Valve within the case, snap-action means, also within the case, for transmitting motion from the movable element of the pressure motor to said valve, the movable element of the pressure motor separatingr said chamber from a compartment within the case in which said valve and the motion-transmitting means are located, said compartment being open at all times to the atmosphere, the delivery throat of the aspirator device being operative, when the valve is unseat-ed, to discharge gaseous iiuid into said compartment while withdrawing air from the mask, and a duct leading from the suction space of the aspirator device to the aforesaid chamber through which gaseous medium from the aspirator nozzle i'lows to said chamber and thence to the mask when the valve is seated, said one valve and motion-transmitting means being so constructed and arranged that during inhalation gaseous fluid ows through said chamber in one direction, and during exhalation gaseous iiuid i-lows through said chamber in the opposite direction.

5. An artificial resuscitator of the kind which includes a face mask, a case which encloses a pressure motor including a movable element which is sensitively responsive to lung pressure and which defines one wall of a chamber, a single rigid, tubular connection uniting the mask and case, said connection providing a single, constantly open passage affording communication between the interior of the mask and said chamber, an aspirator device having a nozzle, a suction space, and a delivery throat, a conduit for supplying pressure fluid to the nozzle of the aspirator, the resuscitator being of the kind wherein gas under pressure supplies the energy for iniiating and deiiating the lungs and for actuating the pressure motor, the case which houses the pressure motor being of a size such that it may be held in the palm of one hand, thereby to constitute a handle for use in applying the mask, characterized in having a single reciprocating valve within the case, snap-action means, also within the case, for transmitting motion from the movable element of the pressure motor to said valve, the movable element of the pressure motor sealing off said chamber from a compartment within the case in which the motion-transmitting means and said valve are located, the wall of said compartment having a port which is closed when the valve is seated, said compartment being always open to the atmosdelivery throat of the aspirator device being aligned with and discharging gaseous medium through said port when the valve is unseated thereby withdrawing air from the mask, and a tube leading from the suction space of the aspirator device to the aforesaid chamber through which gaseous medium from the aspirator nozzle iiows to said chamber and thence to the mask when the valve is seated, said one valve and motion-transmitting means being so constructed and arranged that during inhalation gaseous fluid ilows through said chamber in one direction, and during exhalation gaseous uid ows through said chamber in the opposite direction.

JOHN H. EMERSON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 146,862 GreatBritain Feb. 24, 1921 

